Formed from liquid magma, melted rock beneath Earth's surface. Crystals are randomly arranged and interlocking.
Intrusive (formed below Earth's surface)
Medium- to coarse-grained crystalline rocks. Crystals are larger due to slow cooling under Earth's crust. The slower the rock cools, the larger the crystals.
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| Granite | Gabbro |
Extrusive (formed at Earth's surface)
Fine-grained to glassy. This texture forms because cooling occurs quickly at Earth's surface. Magma that reaches the surface is called lava.
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| Basalt | Scoria |
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| Pumice | Obsidian |
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| Tuff | Rhyolite |
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| Serpentinite | |